Osaka was once again rebuilt as a very important merchant city by Tokugawa Shogunate
After the destruction of the Toyotomi clan in 1615, Osaka was administrated directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate under the policy of Shogun Ieyasu. This made Osaka the country's second largest commercial center. After the reconstruction of Osaka-jo Castle and the residential areas, development of the port and improvement of the river, the city grew rapidly into a prospering economic center. These improvements also led a rapid increase in the number of merchants in the city. The population of the commoners rose to about 300 thousand which far outnumbered the military population of 10 thousand. These merchants contributed to restructuring of Osaka as a distribution center which came to be called the "Kitchen of Japan". At the same time, the merchants' culture flourished as a castle town and reached new heights through arts such as theater,kabuki, and puppet drama, joruri.
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